Vertical Infrastructure

Chris Putnam

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Vertical Infrastructure

State Phase 2
Duration 2019 – 2024
Budget / Funding $1842000
Project Leader(s)
University of Canterbury

Vision

The damage and disruption caused by future earthquakes in Aotearoa New Zealand is minimised by robust building techniques and design standards.

Project description

The Canterbury earthquakes demonstrated that building design standards in Aotearoa New Zealand effectively limit the risk of loss-of-life during earthquake events. However, there was significant damage to buildings and significant and lengthy disruption for Canterbury communities. Changes to our building design standards are needed to reduce this damage and disruption, and enable communities to recover rapidly.

We aim to better understand the mechanics and fragility of various building types and identify changes to design codes that will reduce damage and disruption caused by earthquakes.

To do this, we are conducting a broad benchmarking study to clearly define the likely seismic performance of various building types in different parts of Aotearoa New Zealand. Using the insights from the benchmarking study, we are supporting two main research objectives.

Firstly, we are identifying ways to quantify and mitigate the risk of monetary losses due to earthquakes considering different design solutions and building technologies. To achieve this, we are:

  • Developing new guidance for assessing and repairing steel structures and reinforced concrete structures damaged by earthquakes.
  • Developing tools to account for soil-foundation-structure interaction effects on building performance.
  • Identifying effective resilience interventions to mitigate natural hazard impacts to marae.

Secondly, we are helping to develop building design and assessment standards to mitigate losses from future earthquakes, and identifying ways to account for the cascading effects on buildings of earthquakes and tsunami.

Our goal is to make Aotearoa New Zealand more resilient by identifying effective ways of reducing the damage to buildings and disruption caused by future earthquakes.

Resource Outputs from this project

Article

Exploring the benefits of rocking shallow foundations

M.D.L. Millen, L.B. Storie 2024 Exploring the benefits of rocking shallow foundations (pp. 1–9). 2024 NZSEE Conference, Wellington.

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Report

Building resilience through recovery: investment decision-making

Incorporating resilience considerations into disaster recovery and re-establishment of critical infrastructure.

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Policy Briefing

Housing and disaster recovery

Housing issues that are likely to arise immediately following a disaster.

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Article

Building collapse due to P-delta – what is the risk?

Sullivan, T.J., De Francesco, G. 2024 Building collapse due to P-delta – what is the risk? NZSEE 2024 Annual Conference, Wellington, Paper 53.

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Article

Book review: ¡Alerta!: Engineering on Shaky Ground

L.J. Vinnell 2024 Book review: ¡Alerta!: Engineering on Shaky Ground Earthquake Spectra, 40(2), 1604-1606 DOI: 10.1177/87552930241234296

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Article

Modelling national residential building exposure to flooding hazards

Building construction in flood hazard areas peaked from 1960 – 1980 while total floor area and replacement value has continued to increase.

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Webinar

Resilience of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Built Environment

How is research improving the resilience of our buildings and infrastructure networks to natural hazards?

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Article

Simplified seismic loss assessment using limit state loss-intensity models

A simplified damage-state loss vs. intensity approach for practicing engineers to estimate expected annual losses.

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Article

Seismic Demand on Sprinkler Piping Systems: Findings from a Shake Table Testing Program and Relevance to NZ Standards

Improved estimation of seismic demands on sprinkler systems and subsequent recommendations for essential improvements to Fire Sprinkler Standards in New Zealand.

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Article

Quasi-Static Cyclic Testing of a Drift-Sensitive Sub-Assembly of Non-Structural Elements with Low-Damage Characteristics

Testing the seismic performance of a new precast concrete cladding system as a low-damage alternative to conventional systems.

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Article

A Practice-Oriented Floor Response Spectrum Prediction Method for Seismic Design of Non‑Structural Elements

A refined method for predicting the behaviour of non-structural building elements during an earthquake.

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Article

Risk of isolation increases the expected burden from sea-level rise

Considering the number of people at risk of isolation, not just inundation, is critical for sea-level rise adaptation planning.

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Presentation

Resilience of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Built Environment

An overview of our research to build resilience across New Zealand's vertical infrastructure (buildings) and horizontal infrastructure (utility networks).

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Presentation

Presentation slides, ‘Resilience of Aotearoa New Zealand’s Built Environment’ webinar

Presentation slides from the 'Resilience of Aotearoa New Zealand's Built Environment' webinar, December 2022. Prepared by Assoc Prof Liam Wotherspoon and Prof Tim Sullivan. 

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Article

Finite element analyses of hollow-core units subjected to shear and torsion

Sarkis , Ana Isabel; Sullivan, Timothy. Finite Element Analyses of Hollow Core Units Subjected to Shear and Torsion. Proceedings of the 2021 New Zealand Society…

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Article

Incorporating the influence of duration on dynamic deformation capacity in structural design and assessment

Bhanu, Vishvendra; Chandramohan, Reagan; Sullivan, Timothy. Incorporating the influence of duration on dynamic deformation capacity in seismic assessment. Proceedings of the 2021 New Zealand Society…

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Article

Wellington’s earthquake resilience: Lessons from the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake.

Cubrinovski M, Bradley BA, Elwood KJ, Johnston D, Orchiston C, Sullivan T, Wotherspoon LM. 2020. Wellington’s earthquake resilience: lessons from the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake. Earthquake…

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Article

Experimental investigation into the seismic fragility of a commercial glazing system

Arifin F, Sullivan T, Dhakal R. 2020. Experimental investigation into the seismic fragility of a commercial glazing system. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for…

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Article

Displacement-Based Framework for Simplified Seismic Loss Assessment

O’Reilly GJ, Monteiro R, Nafeh AMB, Sullivan TJ, Calvi GM. 2020. Displacement-based framework for simplified seismic loss assessment. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 24(sup1):1-22. doi:10.1080/13632469.2020.1730272.

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Article

A practice-oriented method for estimating elastic floor response spectra

Haymes K, Sullivan T, Chandramohan R. 2020. A practice-oriented method for estimating elastic floor response spectra. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering.…

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Article

An integrated performance‐based design framework for building‐foundation systems

Millen MDL, Pampanin S, Cubrinovski M. 2021. An integrated performance-based design framework for building-foundation systems. Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 50(3):718-735. doi:10.1002/eqe.3354.

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Article

Post-Earthquake Reparability of Buildings: The Role of Non-Structural Elements

Sullivan TJ. 2020. Post-earthquake reparability of buildings: the role of non-structural elements. Structural Engineering International. 30(2):217-223. doi:10.1080/10168664.2020.1724525.

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Article

How would changes to serviceability limit state design criteria impact likely repair costs?

Sullivan T. 2020. New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering. In. Proceedings of the 2020 New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Technical Conference. 2020 Apr…

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Article

Wellington Building Inventory: Rapid Earthquake Response Framework

Ghasemi, Amin; Stephens, Max; Elwood, Ken. Wellington Building Inventory: Rapid Earthquake Response Framework. Proceedings of the 2021 New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering Annual Technical…

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Article

Post-earthquake Demolition in Christchurch, New Zealand: A Case-Study Towards Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Demolition Decisions

Gonzalez, R.E., Stephens, M.T., Toma, C., Elwood, K.J., Dowdell, D. (2021). Post-earthquake Demolition in Christchurch, New Zealand: A Case-Study Towards Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Demolition…

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Article

Seismic design and analysis of a medium-density residential building

Gribbon, Cameron; Jennings, Zayne; De Francesco, Giovanni; Sullivan, Timothy. Seismic Design and Analysis of a Medium Density Residential Building. Proceedings of the 2021 New Zealand…

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Article

Investigating the impact of design criteria on the expected seismic losses of an office building

Williamson, Michael; John, Luis; Sullivan, Timothy. Investigating the impact of design criteria on the expected seismic losses of an office building. Proceedings of the 2021…

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Article

Experimental loading protocols to evaluate the seismic performance of floor systems

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Article

Strength requirements for non-structural components responding nonlinearly under earthquake excitation

Haymes, Kieran; Sullivan, Timothy; Chandramohan, Reagan. Strength requirements for non-structural components responding nonlinearly under earthquake excitation. Proceedings of the 2021 New Zealand Society for Earthquake…

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Article

A Detailed Inventory of Medium- to High-Rise Buildings in Wellington’s Central Business District

Puranam A, Filippova O, Pastor-Paz J, Stephens M, Elwood KJ, Ismail N, Noy I, Opabola E. 2019. A detailed inventory of medium-to high-rise buildings in…

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Article

Identifying vulnerable reinforced concrete buildings in Wellington using a simple assessment methodology

The application of a simple yet effective method to assess reinforced concrete buildings in New Zealand.

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