The Understanding Hazard and Risk theme comprised new research and modelling to advance our understanding of natural hazards and the risks they pose to people and infrastructure. By studying past events and adopting new technologies, our teams have been able to generate new, detailed models of hazards, impacts and risks related to earthquakes, tsunami, volcanic activity, coastal hazards, extreme weather, and wildfires. These models and scenarios are helping decision-makers to plan for and adapt to the natural hazard risks we face.